35th Birthday Invitation Funny Wording

When a man starts to learn, never know what going to find. Their purpose is poor, his intent is vague. hopes for rewards that never materialize, for he knows nothing of the work it takes to learn.


"But you learn so little by little at first, then more and more . And their thoughts are given to butting and sink into nothingness. What you learn is never what you thought. And so begins to be afraid. The knowledge is never what you expected. Every step of learning is a quagmire, and the fear that man experiences begins to grow without mercy, without compromise. His purpose becomes a battlefield.


"And so it has encountered the first of their natural enemies: fear! A terrible enemy, treacherous and tangled as the thistles. It is hidden in every corner of the road, watching, waiting. And if the man, terrified in its presence, runs away, his enemy will have put an end to your search.



- What happens to a man if he runs in fear?



- Nothing happens, only ever learn. Never become a man of knowledge. Become a crook, or a coward either, a harmless man, frightened, in any way, will be a defeated man. His first enemy will have put an end to his cravings.



- What can you do to overcome fear?



- The answer is simple. You should not run. Must defy his fear, and although he must take the next step in their learning, and the next and the next. Must be full of fear, but should not stop. That is the rule! And there comes a time when his first enemy retreats. The man begins to feel confident. Its purpose is strengthened. Learning is no longer a frightening task.



"When this joyful moment comes, man can say without hesitation that he has conquered his first natural enemy.



[...] Once man has conquered fear, is free from it for the rest of his life, because, instead of fear has acquired clarity: clarity of mind which erases fear. By then, a man knows his desires; knows how to satisfy those desires. Can anticipate the new steps of learning, and a sharp clarity surrounds everything. The man feels that nothing is hidden.


"And thus he has encountered his second enemy: the clarity! That clarity of mind, so difficult to obtain, dispels fear, but also blind.



"It forces the man never to doubt him. It gives you confidence that you can do whatever he pleases, because everything he sees he sees clearly. And is valuable because it clearly. But all that is wrong, it's as if he saw something clear but incomplete. If the man yields to the illusion of power, has succumbed to his second enemy and will be awkward to learn. It will speed up when it should be patient, and be patient when I had to hurry. With learning and silly, until the end unable to learn anything else.

[...]¿ what to do to avoid defeat?



- must do what he did with fear: he must defy his clarity and use it just to see, and wait with patience and tact measure before taking other steps, must think, above all, clarity is almost a mistake. And there will come a time to understand that his clarity was only a point before his eyes. And thus he will overcome his second enemy, and reach a position where nothing can damage it. This is not a mistake nor an illusion. There is only one point before his eyes. That will be his true power.


"You will know then that power so long is finally his persecution. You can do with as he pleases. His ally is at your service. His wish is the rule. Is clear and steady all that is around. But it has also come across his third enemy: Power!


"Power is the strongest of all enemies. Naturally, the easier it is to surrender, after all, the real man is invincible. He commands: start taking calculated risks and ends up making rules because the love of power. A man at this stage hardly notices his third enemy closing in on him. And suddenly, without knowing, he will certainly have lost the battle. Your enemy will have turned into a cruel, capricious man.


[...] A man is defeated by power dies without really knowing how to handle it. The power is only a burden upon his fate. Such a man has no self-control, or say how or when to use his power.


[...][ To beat the third enemy is that] challenge him on purpose. You have to realize that the power he has seemingly conquered is in reality never his. Should be in check at all hours, driving cautiously and with faith everything you've learned. If you can see that without self-control, clarity and power are worse than mistakes, there will come a point where everything is mastered. Then you know how and when to use his power. And so he will have defeated his third enemy.


"The man will, by then, the end of their journey on the road knowledge, and almost without warning last encounter with his enemy of old age! This enemy is the cruelest of all, the only one that can not be completely overcome, the enemy that may only scare for a moment.


"This is the time when a man has no fears, no longer has clearly impatient, a time when everything is under control, but also the time that has a desire to rest. If he gives himself entirely to his desire to lie down and forget, if he soothes himself in tiredness, he will have lost the last assault, and your enemy will be reduced to a feeble old creature. His desire to retreat will overrule all his clarity, his power and knowledge.


"But if the man sloughs off his tiredness, and lives his fate through, can then be called a man of knowledge, if only because those little while it succeeds in fighting off the last enemy, the enemy invincible. Those moments of clarity, power and knowledge are sufficient.



Excerpt from "The Teachings of Don Juan" by Carlos Castaneda

Can You Track A Tomtom

THE ORIGIN OF THE ROADS

long time ago when the world was still young, an old Lakota spiritual leader was in a high mountain and had a vision. In this view Iktomi, the great master prankster of wisdom appeared to him as a spider. Iktomi spoke in a secret language that only the spiritual leaders of the Lakota knew understand.

As they talked, Iktomi took a piece of willow wood older. Gave him a round and placed feathers, horse hair, beads and ornaments, weaving a spider web. They talked about the cycles of life, how we start life as babies and grow to adulthood, and finally to old age, when we return to be careful, as when we were babies, thus completing the circle. At each time of life there are many forces, some good other less-If you're in the positive they will guide you in the right direction. But if you listen to the dark forces, they hurt you and guide you in the wrong direction.

There are many forces and different directions and may help interfere with the harmony of nature. Also with the great spirit and his wonderful teachings. While still talking spider weaving its web, starting outside and working toward the center. When Iktomi finished speaking, he gave the Lakota elder the web and said "look at the web is a perfect circle, but in the middle is a hole, use it to help yourself and your people, for achieve your goals and make good use of people's ideas, dreams and visions.

If you believe in the Great Spirit, the web will catch your good ideas and bad will go down the hole. "The old Lakota, he spent his vision to his people and now the Indians use the dream catcher as the network of his life. They hang above the beds in your home to search their dreams and visions. The good thing about dreams is captured in the web of life and sent with them. The trouble is exhausted through the center hole and no will never again be part of them. The Lakota believe that the dream catcher holds the destiny of their future.

Lakota Story

Mouth Sores On Lips In Dogs

catcher


Etymology and origin of the word shaman

The origin of the word shaman comes from the Manchu-tungu of Siberia. The word original tungu
(saman) derived from the verb scha-, "know." Shaman means "man who knows, a man of knowledge." Some etymological research lead us to the Sanskrit word for which the shaman is sramana (monk, ascetic). The Chinese term is scha-men.

may not know exactly what country comes from the word, we do is known is that Asians.


WHAT IS A SHAMAN?

could include a multitude of definitions of what a shaman and what function. Mircea Eliade, philosopher, historian and novelist, Romanian, great scholar of religions and shamanism in particular, defines a shaman as "He who knows the archaic techniques of ecstasy." The shaman has the ability to enter altered states of consciousness in order to heal their community, to receive messages from beings from other realms of reality, and so on., Is the healer and sage of the clan. Shamanism is

a spiritual journey of self-knowledge and learning, to overcome the barriers that the learner has a child, either by convention or programs in place. That means overcoming the limitations of oneself to become a man / woman-medicine. Once the shaman is ready and has produced his shamanic death be reborn as a new powerful and wise, and has acquired the ability to heal those in need. It is also a disciplined way to get help and knowledge based on the premise that we need not confine ourselves to operate in one reality or dimension when something heal. The Shaman's Way runs between this world and the subtle world.

BACK TO MAIN PAGE

The Benefits Of Drinking Coconut Milk

New on the website of SilentPC: PCSilencioso.com

SilentPC

The Web has become a far more complete, which is already available in PCSilencioso . You can find new content, reviews, and a more complete site in general, a discussion forum:).

Letters Of Inquiry Car

graphics card Consumption: Update

May 3, 2009, by kike_1974

New version of the tables of consumption of graphics cards. In this new version adds several changes that improve the previous version: more precisely measure the quality of the measures, new data added, more graphs cards arranged in different ways, and some more things. There have been many changes, I hope to improve the quality of the data. I hope your comments ...

Updates

main

- Improved accuracy of the data: you can see that the use of many graphic appears larger than it had in previous versions. The reason is that we are beginning to give more weight to measures of the sites that carried out the measurements using Furmark. Actually this consumption will be higher than actual consumption we can find a game, but are closer to a good estimate of maximum consumption graphics, to consider better power to choose.

- Different ways to sort the results in graphs:

• Order
• For generation of graphics 3D consumption peak consumption in idle
• By order of addition of data

- Estimated accuracy data: in parentheses beside the name of the graph. This number considers:

• If specific measures are continuous lines, or were obtained through consumption estimates from
• team total number of web pages used for measurement
• deviation between measures

higher the number, the more reliable measure can be considered. If this number is 1, then it means that only the data found TDP provided by the manufacturer (which is very inaccurate, it is always considerably higher than actual consumption)

- Change of membership that appeared under my name . Now you will see that puts PCSilencioso.com ... soon there will be more news on this subject (one reason why I have not updated this blog much lately ...)

- New (03/05/2009): New update with which we finished with the major update. 3D consumption is now divided into two figures:

• Dark Red: 3D data of peak consumption, obtained by Furmark. Consumption is unrealistic, since the games do not really eat that much graphics. Red
• Live: Consumer typical 3D data, obtained by measuring during the execution of games or 3Dmark.

is curious that in some cases the increase in consumption with Furmark is really high. Charts

updated:

The updated graphics can be found at our new site: PCSilencioso.com

How Do I Use Plugins In Simcity 4?

April 25, 2009, by kike_1974

is now available in some major computer stores this antec case, the successor to the P180 and P182 have been long boxes used by most fans SilentPC.

begin to appear too different analysis of this case by the network. To start, we can find these reviews:

Reviews:

• SilentPCReview
• Hardware Dealers
• Tech Reviews Benchmark Reviews

Female Puppy Genitals

Antec P183 HDD Silence: AAM (Automatic Acoustic Management)

hard drives make noise to contain mechanical parts, and major sources of noise from the spinning disk itself (a 10000rpm, 7200rpm, 5400rpm, etc., Depending on the disc) and of the playhead in reads and writes. For these disk reads and writes need to do a search operation "seek" it makes the most noise on a disk (which we hear sounds like a kind of "scratching"). This noise can be reduced by using an option that has hard drives known as AAM "Automatic Acoustic Management" Introduction

Most methods to silence a hard drive requires changes to hardware, such as encapsulated trade or craft "(such as this that you see on this article coolpacks encapsulated), or methods of decoupling of the disc transimisión the box to avoid vibration (silentblocks, suspend to disk with rubber, etc.).

An easy, requiring no physical handling of the disc, to silence the hard drive is by enabling this feature. The small downside is that usually there is a slight loss in disk performance, in exchange for that child seek mode noise. Supported Drives

Not all discs have this feature. For example, the Seagate drives do not have from the 7200.7 versions, there are rumors that intellectual property issues. Instead brands do have this option in almost all his albums, such as Samsung or Western Digital, which are leading brands in terms of silent records are concerned. In fact, at present 3.5 "quietest are the EcoGreen Samsumg and Western Digital Caviar Green, which we discussed in this news .

Another thing to consider is that some discs The entitlement of AAM is not just a difference in the sound of the disc, so it does not compensate enable it (why waste performance if you did not win anything ...).

Below is a list of the biggest hits silent, where you can see if it is possible or not enabling AAM, and if so the difference in noise is the enable or not (data from SilentPCReview ) :

An overview of these data, and others can be found online:

Drives that support the AAM setting:

• Western Digital Caviar Series, Raptor Series. Samsung
• : I know of none that supports it.
• Seagate Barracuda IV series (they are quite old), from this series are no longer seagate AAM.

Discs that is not worth enabling AAM:

• Western Digital Raptor X (supports AAM, but there is no appreciable difference between enable and not to).

How to enable AAM

To enable this option, manufacturers often provide their own tools, so you should go to the manufacturer's website and download the necessary tools. For example, Samsung provides HUTIL , Western Digital or their own tools Hitachi Feature Tool

One of the most popular is the Hitachi, the "Hitachi Feature Tool" , which also works perfectly with Samsung and Western Digital drives, and is the one I have ever used (I I used for my samsung HD401LJ, HD501LJ, my WD Caviar GreenPoint).

This tool has the advantage of not operating system dependent. Creates a boot floppy or CDROM and booting from that medium can run the Hitachi Feature Tool Complete instructions of a program, you can find here, but I'll do a brief summary in English: First

is to create a boot disk, then:

• Run the program you downloaded: Feature Tool-install.exe
• Insert a 1.44MB floppy disk in the floppy
• Follow the instructions

Another option is to create a bootable CD and for this:

• Find the CD image file that you downloaded
• Use any program that can record images (. iso) to CD Burn CD

Once we have created the diskette or CD boot, follow these steps: Restart the PC

• and access to the BIOS (delete key or F2, or similar, depends on the motherboard)
• In the menu changes, we give priority to the PC boot floppy or CD (in our case), to ensure that the PC will boot from the device you just created
• We recorded the options, and then restarted we
• The PC should now boot from the selected device, and start the program "Hitachi Feature Tool."

The program looks like this:

In the "Features" can find the Change Acoustic Level (first choice):

And once we have these options selected to choose from:

AAM can enable selecting the second option (automatic) or the third option (custom). I recommend the third option, which allows changing the AAM selected from a range of options:

Every time we select a test to see hear the noise of the disc. It is advisable to keep trying, because many of them there is not much difference in noise, and let selected the highest possible we seem quiet (to have minimal loss of performance possible.)

By default the disks often come set to performance mode, ie with the maximum possible value.

Once we made the changes, we give OK and exit the program. And we have our album with AAM enabled and quieter searches. Other utilities

There

additional tools we can use, in addition to the manufacturers that we have mentioned above. Are software tools that run under an operating system, so they have the limitation that we need the appropriate program has support for your operating system. Many of these applications do not work on Vista or Linux.

• HDDScan
  
  
  
  Select "Tasks" menu we can find a "Features" where you can select "IDE Features" and find the following screen:
  
  
  
  in which we can enable the AAM. This program runs on Windows XP and Windows Vista, even works perfectly on my Windows Vista x64, so it is an interesting alternative to the Hitachi Feature Tool



• CrystalDiskInfo: Another program that lets you change the AAM, created by Crystal Dew World, which for many years because they are also sound CrystalCPUID program developers that allows change voltages and frequencies of our micro software. Also control other features of the disks (SMART monitoring through the disc), and we care, the AAM is selected from the following menu:
  
  
  
  
  Once selected we will see a screen like this to select the option you want for AAM:
  
  
  This program also works with Vista and Vista 64 bits.



• Notebook Hardware Control: This tool is best known for its ability to change frequencies and voltages of buses and graphics software, especially in laptops (for buses in general are more practical than other programs mentioned in this article other).
  
  
  
  
  
• systool: Another tool of "tweaking" general, which also allows you to change voltages and frequencies, in addition to what we want in this section, enable AAM:
  
  
  
  Same as above does not work in windows vista, although it works on windows XP, windows 2000, windows 2003, and even 64-bit versions of these systems.



• HDTune Another application that allows us to enable AAM (photo courtesy of the forum CrashNukem n3D):
  
  
  
  One of the drawbacks of this program is that the free version does not allow this option and we can only use the retail version to have this functionality.



• WinAAM: This application is the simplest we can find:
  
  
  
  has a major drawback and that works only with ATA disks and not SATA drives. Moreover, there is a Mac version



• SilentDrive another application, but only supports IDE and SATA disks not
  
  
  
  

Brain Tumor High Hemoglobin

Fans: Basic Concepts Caviar Green vs Western

March 2, 2009, by kike_1974

In this article we will discuss the basic concepts of computer fans, since it is a major source of noise. Talk about the main parts of a fan of the types fans, and especially what they are looking for in a fan to cool a computer silently.

Index:

• basic Parties
fan bearings
• Setting
• Rotor Motor
• fans Types
Size
• vs PWM. Voltage
• Fan Connectors Connectors
• plates and regulators
• Noise generated by fans
• dB fans vs
• A fan. more fans
• Recommended Fans

Basic Parts of a fan

A computer fan consists of several parts: the motor, the motor control circuitry, the connector, the rotor (the blades ) and the fan frame. Here you can see the image of a fan removed:

can see that in the center of the frame fan motor is subjected. The rotor is attached to the fan motor through a bearing system, of which there may be several types. Namely the figure corresponds to a spherical cap or sleeve bearing. " Rolling

The major types of bearings that can be found are:

• cap bearing (sleeve bearing) : One of the most frequently used bearing due to its low manufacturing cost, is the use of two suitably lubricated surfaces. This type of bearing is one of the quietest, but it is short-lived compared with others. The lubricant can be dried or surfaces can be deformed, and this degradation is accelerated in the presence of high operating temperatures. To deteriorate the fan noise increases. A fan of this kind has a life span of 30,000 hours at 50 º C. Fans are generally more suitable for a SilentPC, with the disadvantage that need to be replaced after a few years (2-5, depending on usage). They are also sensitive to horizontal operation, which can decrease performance. Examples of fans with this kind are Bearing Silent Case Fan Nexus and Scythe Slip Stream


• ball bearing (ball bearing) : One of the most frequently used bearing in older fans, or many of the fans who are in power. The bearing consists of a row of balls. We can find fans with two ball bearings (ball bearing double or dual ball bearing "). They are more expensive to manufacture, but are more durable and resistant to temperature, and have no problems running horizontally. The drawback is that they are much more noisy than the previous. The average lifetime is around 70,000 hours at 50 ° C. Examples of this type of bearing can be found in fans of the series Enermax UC-FAB.


• bearing fluid ("fluid bearing ") : This type of bearing, which is usually much more expensive to manufacture, has a similar function to the bearing cap, but instead of simply being lubricated materials, add an area with oil (or other fluid) to pressure that "self-stabilizing" the axis of the rotor. This kind of fans are very durable, with up to 150,000 hours life span. They are not as quiet as the cap, but still quite quiet. As bearing fans ball are not sensitive to horizontal operation. Examples of these fans are Scythe S-Flex (with the system S-FDB bearing, "Sony Fluid Dynamic Bearing") and the Noctua (with the system SSO bearing, "Self Stabilising Oil").

fan Marco

The framework is the element that serves as the subject of the fan. The engine is held in the center of the frame and the framework provides the anchoring system (usually with screws) required to locate the fan. Additionally, the framework serves to indicate the direction of movement of the fan blades and the direction of movement of air through the fan. This information is usually indicated by arrows on the frame and, normally, the fan blows towards the place where the arms of the fan frame:

The frame usually has 4 holes in corners for bolting to the computer (actually 8, because it is on both sides, as seen in the fan picture above), or to serve as anchors for fastening sinks. Sometimes the frame is closed and the corners can be a problem because it takes longer screws or make it incompatible with the installation on some systems. This happens for example with Nexus fans:

In this case can be solved by cutting corners, as suggested in that thread SilentPCReview forum (which belongs above photo). Rotor

There are many designs of rotors. They can be classified into two main groups: Fans

• Radio: This type of fan blades are usually flat and shaped spokes, allowing the air flow is perpendicular to the axis of the fan. An example of radial fan:
  
  
  
  Such fans are commonly used in graphics, chipsets heatsink motherboard, fan "blower" PCI slots. To generate a decent flow of air needed to operate at very high speeds, so they tend to generate enough noise, and are not suitable for a silent PC. For this reason we will not talk more about this type of fans. There are alternatives to these fans, for example, graphics cards can find many refrigeration systems that do not use radial fans (including no passive) or we can make any changes to use an axial fan , motherboards can use solutions passive (no fan more efficient heatsinks) or a "blower" PCI slots can be built an axial fan. Axial


• : This type of fans move air in a direction parallel to the axis of the fan (or perpendicular to the frame, depending on how you want to see.) They are much more appropriate for a silent PC, you can build in many different sizes and there are many different rotor designs with different number, size and shape of the blades. Some examples:
  
  
  
  As a curiosity, fans displayed in this picture are all 12cm, and are the models (from left to right, top to bottom): Scythe Slip Stream, Noctua NF-P12 Nexus Real Silent Case Fan, S-Flex Scythe, Noctua NF-S12 and Tacens Ventus. Motor

In the next picture you can see how is a motor of a fan, which is basically an electromagnet:

Opposite electromagnet usually control circuitry, which can be very simple as in the example on the left of the image below, or quite complex and can sometimes even contain a complete microcontroller:

A basic outline of the control circuitry is a scheme similar to one of these:

can see that in either There are two important elements: the solenoid (on the right side, "coils") and a Hall sensor (On the left, "Hall Sensor"). The magnet is the engine itself, which can be seen in the photos above. The Hall sensor is a circuit that detects the speed fan

The left diagram corresponds to a 3-pin fan (GND, + V, TACH) , where GND and VCC are inputs to this circuit, and TACH output is:

• GND is the reference or circuit ground,
• + V is food that nourishes both the Hall sensor and the fan coil and TACH
• is the sensor Fan speed (calculated value block Hall sensor).

The right scheme corresponds to a more advanced fan 4-pin PWM control (GND, + V, TACH, Drive) , which GND, VCC and Drive are inputs, and TACH output is:

• GND is the reference or circuit ground.
• + V is food, which in this case feeds the Hall sensor, and also serves to power the electromagnet
• is TACH fan speed sensor (value calculated by the Hall sensor block), just as in the previous scheme.

• Drive is a control signal, usually a PWM signal, which combined with food that provides + V, provides power to the fan coil.

can see that the simplest way to combine, in the diagram on the right, + V and Drive is via a simple transistor, such as N-channel JFET the figure, which functions as a switch: when you drive is high (12V) blocks the passage of + V, and when drive is low (0V) then allows the passage of + V. That is, the entry drive that is connected to control exactly when and when not + V to the electromagnet.

Of course, this is a basic outline, which can be enhanced with additional circuitry to improve detection velocity from the Hall sensor or PWM signal to reduce or even turn it into a constant voltage, or the inclusion of different elements of protection, etc. Depending on what each manufacturer wants to add circuitry can get fans of varying quality. There are other schemes

fans than these two that have been shown as an example. For example, sources Enermax modu82 + and PRO82 + use a scheme similar to the four pins on the right scheme, but use a "dual voltage." Instead of the + V input and drive to connect to 12V and a PWM signal, have two entries + + V1 and V2 connecting two levels different voltage, +12 V and a different one. The 12V is connected to the Hall IC, while the second is connected directly to the electromagnet, eliminating the need to attenuate the PWM signal. This system is one reason why these sources are the most popular sources quietest fan.

fans Types:

fans can be classified in many ways according to different characteristics such as flow direction (which we have seen before), size, connectors and circuitry, etc. Here are some of the different types of fans we can find. Size

There are many different sizes of fans (in mm, width x length x depth): 80x80x25, 80x80x38 92x92x25, 120x120x25, 120x128x38, 140x140x25, etc.

In general, a larger fan moves more air at equal speed (revolutions per minute or "rpm") to a smaller one. This means that to move the same amount of air the biggest fan needs to spin at lower speeds, which usually means less noise

However, a larger fan motor also needs a larger and generally more noisy. For this reason we look for an optimal size. Currently, the motors used in fans, the optimal size is 120x120mm. There are many silent fans on the market in these sizes (Scythe, Nexus, Noctua, Papst, etc.), While they are much harder to find in other sizes. For this reason, in choosing such a box for our computer, it is interesting to find one that has holes for 12cm fans, as they are the most likely offer us to build a silent PC. Vs PWM

. Voltage

As seen above, the fan motor circuitry has internal. This circuitry can be used to adjust the fan speed. There are two fundamental ways to regulate this speed:

• Voltage: You can vary the fan speed by decreasing the input voltage to the electromagnet. A lower voltage electromagmético generate a field of less force and cause the engine turn more slowly. This is the easiest way to control fan speed.


• PWM: You can adjust the speed of a fan attached to the electromagnet voltage pulses rather than a constant voltage. Voltage pulses conviernten in "pushing" the electromagnet, and reducing the time it is applying force on the electromagnet, effectively reducing the speed. These pulse signals are known as PWM signals (Pulse Width Modulation). PWM signal has two important features:
  
  - Frequency: PWM signals used to control fans are usually periodic square wave of 12V, as the figure:
  
  
  can see that the signal is repeated continuously. The time of each repetition (high over low signal) is known as the period of the signal. The inverse of this time is what is known as frequency and is measured in Hertz. For example, if the signal period is 50us. (Microseconds), then the corresponding frequency of that signal is 1/50ns = 20 KHz (kilohertz). The PWM signal frequency does not affect the speed of a fan, but can affect other aspects to be discussed later.
  
  - duty cycle (duty cycle): The proportion of time the signal is high relative to the time that is low in each period is what is called a cycle. This is what really affects the fan speed. A PWM controller fan speed to really making speed variation is to vary the duty cycle.
  
  More interesting information about the PWM control (and many more things related to fan control) can be found on this web , Cpemma (previous image of the PWM signal is taken from that site).
  
  will see below the different types of fans depending on your plug, and see in which way these two modes of speed control to each of the types of fans.

Fan connectors

We have seen in the section relating to motor that there are two important elements Hall sensor and the electromagnet, and we have seen two different schemes, one with 3 inputs and one with 4 inputs. In addition we have seen two different forms of regular fans, by reducing the use of voltage or voltage pulses (PWM). These elements and features are going to differentiate the types of fans and connectors:

2-pin fans

These fans tend to ignore the Hall sensor and insufficient to enable the fan speed. The connector has only two pins, GND and VCC. It is common to see a connector molex "4-pin in this type of fans (of course with only two wires connected, for to GND and VCC:

can also see them with a standard as those that use 3-pin fans that we will see, but in this case with only two wires connected. Even be seen with other different connectors, in case of graphics cards or motherboard chipsets can carry smaller connectors (photo courtesy of Gnomo555).

can regulate the speed of these fans, contrary to what is sometimes mistakenly thought. These fans are the only thing that is a Hall sensor, so it is true is that although we can not regulate the fan know how fast it is spinning out of an extreme measure. The fan control can be done in two ways:

• varying the voltage that is connected to the VCC pin. Since VCC is connected directly to the coil, reducing the voltage also reduces the "strength" of the electromagnetic field that is generated for movel the electromagnet, and reduces the effective speed of the fan.
• Connecting a PWM signal on pin VCC. Also, being connected directly to the electromagnet VCC reduces the fan speed to get the voltage pulses.

3-pin fans These

fans do include the Hall sensor. The connector has three pins, GND, VCC and sensor, usually black, red and yellow, respectively, it may be different in some fans. VCC is connected at the same time the Hall sensor and magnet. The sensor pin is the output of Hall sensor that provides the fan speed.

The standard connector is as follows:

Red P3 Yellow

		P1 GND Black
	P2		+12 V, +5 V, or voltage source
			speed sensor (RPM)

can regulate these fans are exactly the same way as that seen for 2-pin fans, ie varying the voltage on the VCC pin or by connecting a PWM signal on the same pin.

A problem with this type of fan to regulate any of these ways, is that not only varies the voltage connected to the electromagnet (either by downloading or by pulse), but also changes the input voltage circuits control (Hall sensor). This makes them work or at a higher voltage Low nominal (for voltage reduction), or on / off continuously (for PWM). This could reduce the life of the control circuits, especially in the case PWM high-frequency signals, but the truth is rarely a fan has been broken by these aspects.

The main problem is that, to avoid problems in the case regulated by PWM, would normally use a low frequency signal (precisely to avoid damaging the control circuitry), and if less than 20 kHz may be in hearing range human. In this case, we can hear sounds of "click" of the fan to the PWM signal frequency generated.

4-pin PWM fans

These fans also include the Hall sensor, but they have two different entries for feeding circuits and PWM control. As we have seen in speaking of motor in the schema of the circuitry 4-pin PWM fans, the Hall sensor (and other control circuitry) are continuously fed with 12V, and the electromagnet is controlled by the fourth pin, which connects a high frequency PWM signal.

The standard operation of these fans is specified in this document . The pin layout is as follows, although very few manufacturers continue the color scheme set the standard:

Yellow +12 V

		P1 GND Black
	P2
	P3 Green		speed sensor (RPM)
		P4 Blue	Control PWM (Pulse-width modulation)

The main advantage of these fans on 3-pin is that all control circuitry is permanently running at nominal voltage. This allows you to connect a high frequency PWM signal to control the electromagnet, as in this case does not affect this frequency to the control circuitry. When connecting high frequency PWM signals in excess of the maximum frequency that we hear (usually higher than 20KHz), you get a quieter fan, noise-free "click."

also have the option of being independent control signal (PWM) signal power (+12 V) can even build dimmers to turn the entrance to the electromagnet in an intermediate voltage (no pulses), can get a smoother running engine (equivalent to the voltage regulation). This is optional, and do not think it's easy to see in the PWM ventilator on the market

In practice hard to find 4-pin PWM fans that are really quality. There are many more options to find quiet fans currently 3 pins.

connectors and regulatory boards

Some fans, called self-regulated , it comes with its own circuitry throttling temperature (including temperature-sensitive resistor which acts as a splitter and allows varying the voltage at the input fan). But more often is that the fans are regulated externally. The 3 types of fans we've seen from 2.3 to 4 pin usually connects to a motherboard or rehobuses containing mechanisms to regulate them (usually the plates using PWM, while we find rehobuses with either method, voltage or PWM). These regulators also tend to have connectors 2, 3 or 4 pins to connect the different fans. Let's see what kind of fans can be regulated in each of these connectors.

2-pin connectors:

connectors or simple fan controllers only need to use 2 pins to connect the GND and + V input of a fan (mass and connected to the electromagnet voltage). Do not use a third pin to monitor the fan rpm. An example of such a 2-pin connectors can be seen in the picture below (courtesy of Gnomo555):

simpler controller can be found is the molex connector from power because can provide direct voltages of 5V, 7V and 12V. The supply molex connector has 4 pins: 12V (yellow), GND (black), GND (black), 5V (red). Using the appropriate adapter, any fan of 2, 3 or 4 pins can be controlled by this form. The adapter simply plug properly appropriate voltages on the two pins of the fan. For example, connecting black and red wires from the source + V GND and 5V are achieved by connecting the black and yellow cables are getting 12V, and connect the red and yellow are getting 12V. These adapters can buy or make yourself , it is not complicated.

Besides this, you can find other regulators of two pins, either voltage or PWM, but usually they were used at least 3 pins, using the third pin speed sensor to report the fan rpm.

3-pin connectors

These are the most common connectors that can be found on motherboards and rehobuses. The third pin can be used by the board / rehobús to monitor fan speed. The other two (pin 1 and pin2) are common GND and + V to regulate fan of either of the two forms known, for voltage or PWM.

This connector can connect 3-pin fans obviously directly. As shown in the photo, the connector has a tab for that it is possible to connect the single way possible, and match the pins GND, + V and sensor of the fan and GND pins, + V and sensor plate.

You can also connect 4-pin fans (as before, the power connector tab is only possible to connect only one way). In this case, the fourth fan pin (PWM) will be on the air, being connected only GND, + V and sensor:

can regulate a 4-pin fan this way. If we recall how the circuitry for a 4-pin PWM fan, + V is connected to both the circuitry of the fan and the coil through a transistor. The transistor in this case will be constantly driving, so the fan behavior will be exactly that of a 3-pin fan (+ V is connected directly to both the circuitry and the electromagnet.

4-pin connectors

4-pin connectors are becoming more common on the plates basis of current computers. They have 4 pins that correspond to one of the following schemes:

• GND - 12V - sensor -
• PWM GND - + V - sensor - GND

The first scheme is designed to connect a 4 pin fan, being a perfect correspondence between pins. The board will generate a voltage of 12V in the second pin and cover the fan through a PWM signal

With this scheme, if we connect a 3-pin fan will operate at full speed (to be connected to 12V + V input of the fan. As in previous cases there is only one possible way to connect a 3 pin fan connector 4, due to the tab of the latter:

The second scheme is designed to connect 3-pin fans, and also regulate them. This second configuration is equivalent to running a board connector 3-pin as we have seen in the previous section.

normally plates using the first of the schemes for 4-pin fans, and fans can connect both 3 and 4 pins, but you can only regulate 4.

Some boards may have a connector that allows to select between the first and second schemes. Contain additional hardware (multiplexers to select pins 2 and 4 the relevant entry) and additional software in the BIOS to select an option and another. That is, we can select what type of fan we want regular, 3-pin or 4 pin. Usually this is usually (when) only the connectors CPU_FAN. " In the ASUS motherboards that have this option (for example, my Asus P5W DH Deluxe has one), we can see in the BIOS is an option called "Q-FAN CPU Mode" which we selected as "DC" for the second schema or "PWM" for the first scheme. Another example, Gigabyte boards have this option (my motherboard Gigabyte GA-P45-UD3R) is called in the BIOS as "CPU Smart Fan Mode", and the options are "Auto", "Voltage" or "PWM".

For motherboards, instead of the BIOS to configure the connectors, you can use any software to change settings. A software that can be used is the Speedfan program, which serves to automatically configure the way that the motherboard controls the fan. In This article is a guide Speedfan.

noise generated by fans

After learning the basic features of the fans, we finally get what we want, the noise produced by fans. The fan noise is usually generated by the following factors (listed in order of importance):

• Turbulence: The biggest noise produced by fan noise is due to turbulence and friction of the air moving. This noise is inevitable. Two factors mainly affect this kind of noise: the design of the fan rotor, which can help to generate less turbulence, and the amount / speed of air moving fan.
  
  words, to avoid this kind of noise we find fans with an efficient design of the rotor, and also try to make them work at the slowest speed necessary ... for that we just talked about all the ways to regulate the speed of a fan.
  
  Also consider the size of the fan. As discussed in the section concerning frames fans and size at the same speed the higher the fan moves more air it. With greater size, the same amount of air will be distributed in space, and therefore produce less noise from turbulence. That is, fans should look as large as possible from this point of view. Although, as also mentioned, there is a limit, because too large fans begin to influence other factors such as engine noise, and therefore we must find a balance. Currently this balance is the 120mm fans, as it is very hard to find 140mm silent fans and older.


• Vibration: Another way to generate fan noise is vibration. A fan noise produced by vibrating itself, but if it is subject to another element, such as computer case, then can transmit these vibrations and amplify them.
  
  There are fans that vibrate vibrate more and others less, but this type of noise can be eliminated almost entirely if you use rubber screws or other solution to "decouple" from the box or item to which they are subject. Thus, the rubber absorbs vibrations while not transmitted.


• motor bearing and friction: The actual engine fan noise may occur either because the hardware makes noise, or by the friction of the fan bearings themselves.
  
  The solution here is obviously trying to choose fans that have minimal engine noise. Choose sleeve bearing fans, for example, is to ensure a sound of this part of the fan

One factor that may affect the noise of a fan is pressure which is under. A fan running at idle is quieter than a fan who has to "make force" to move the same amount of air. So fans who are in boxes of computer very restrictive to airflow (with few openings, or disorganized cables and elements that obstruct the flow, or located in front of a filter or sink) will be more noisy and is a factor into account.

There are fans who behave much worse others at higher pressure. For example, the Noctua NF-S12 fans are fans with a serious problem with these kinds of conditions

Another factor influencing the objects found near a fan. A fan has a grating or a sink right in front, will produce more noise turbulence noise. No matter how well the fan is designed to create minimum turbulence possible, if we put an object before we totally change the operating conditions. DB

fans have already seen that produces noise in a fan. Usually the overall noise of the fan, as well as general noise of the different elements, measured in dBA. As we saw in this other article about silent PCs in general, must be very careful how to interpret the measures dBA SPL.

therefore do not recommend looking at measures to compare fans manufacturers, since each uses a different reference (measurement distance, background noise measurements, etc..). Measures to compare the best fans are those found in the reviews of different websites, since they use the same reference for all. My favorite for these comparisons is SilentPCReview . Perhaps in the future may find in "The Web of SilentPC" comparisons made by me ... :)

vs A fan. more fans

If you want a silent PC, and we clearly need large enough fans (to minimize turbulence noise) and are regulated at the lowest possible speed. They also have to be fans of quality motor with low noise and possible aser decoupled from the box or item to which they are subject with rubber to absorb vibrations and prevent its transmission.

The next question is: How many fans do we need?, And associated with this question also wonder whether to have many fans at low speed, or a few fans at a higher speed.

In general, the answer is that it is better to have more fans at low speed under high-speed fans. In fact, one can prove mathematically that the sum of two sounds exactly the same and fully synchronized in frequency increases the noise in 3dBA: if we assume two magnitudes noises R1 and R2 such that R1 = 2 * R2 (ie one is twice the other) and their corresponding values \u200b\u200bpassed to db, db (R1) and db (R2), we have:

db (R1) - db (R2) = 10 * log2 ~ 3dB

In practice, sound of two fans are not the same frequency will be offset each other, so the additional noise perceived by adding a fan is usually lower than those 3dBA. Furthermore, each fan add, generally adds less noise than before.

However, doubling the flow of air that a fan moves is usually a significant increase in speed and noise, generally more than double (ie, more than 3dBA).

Therefore, taking into account the above, it is worse to a single fan moving a certain amount of air that move put two each half. The sound of two fans combined is well below the other noise alone, moving in both situations the same amount of air. To verify this, we use a real example: Consider

a fan, for example a Scythe Slip Stream 1200. If you look at the data obtained by SilentPCReview this fan, we can look to for moving 24CFM have a 18dBA noise, and to move 46CFM (which does not even twice), the noise is 28dBA, up nothing less than 10dBA. We know that two of these fans move 24CFM air moving twice (actually even slightly more), and increased noise will be less than 3dBA.

Of course, we must find a balance between the number of fans to use and the speed of these, and that by adding a growing fan noise.

should also mention that in addition to these mathematical considerations using dBA, it must be said that what we perceive is not exactly what they say dBA. As discussed above, the DBA does not contain information on the frequency of the signal, and our ears and brain can interpret sounds differently with the same extent and apparently one dBA louder than another. The important thing is that the practice corroborates what we said in the previous analysis, and two fans make less noise than a single one, assuming that in both situations to move the same amount of air recommended

Fans:

In this article we have seen the basics of running fans, and what affect the noise they make. This is just the beginning, in a forthcoming article "Fans Recommended" will display a selection of the quietest fans, features, links to reviews and analysis, opinions, etc.. I hope that will soon be available, there is still much work to do on this website.

Jim Nabors Sings Pa Pa

. Quiet PC Samsung EcoGreen

discs quietest formats currently available on 3.5 "disks are Western Caviar Green and Samsung EcoGreen, both 5400rpm. The reason is that spin more slowly produce less noise, although with a slight loss of performance.

In this comparative they do in BeHardware , we can find just these two models, face to face, in their versions of 1TB. And not only can find it, but how are these discs compared to other market like the Samsung F1 or the Caviar Black, also considered relatively quiet despite its 7200 rpm.

Below are the most interesting charts this comparison:

Yield:

Synthetic Tests PCMark
• File Copy
• IOMeter

Interesting to SilentPC:

• Noise, temperature and consumption

As can be see the comparison, one can conclude that between Samsung and Western Digital EcoGreen Green leaves the Samsung slightly quieter. The difference is really small, less than 0.5 dB, both AAM (Automatic Acoustic Management) enabled as without it. But it is also interesting to note that the Samsung also pays more than the Western Digital, so I finally I would choose the Samsung if I had to buy one of them.

disk storage for large silent nothing quieter than we find that these two models. I would comment that I have two Western Digital Green drives on my computers, and with AAM enabled and encapsulated in coolpacks are completely inaudible at a distance of 1m. even in the quietest of environments.

Finally comment with respect to the other discs, the Samsung F1 and the Western Digital Black, we conclude that as expected: the latter are more noisy but also faster. If we as quiet as the market would choose the Green or EcoGreen, but if you prefer performance would have to seek alternatives.

In the not too distant future this decision vs. fast hard disk. Silent hard disk will be much less complicated, since solid state drives promise to improve in both areas: completely silent and unreachable access times for current drives. They still have other problems, capacities, prices, durability, etc., But hopefully that will soon be overcome.

What Not To Tell A Scorpio

: Basic Concepts Analysis

February 25, 2009, by kike_1974

This article presents an introduction to basic concepts related to a silent PC (noise, SilentPC, QuietPC, dBA, etc). These concepts are defined, and generally speaking it is a silent PC, and a summary of the most important aspects to consider when building a computer, or silence one that we have now

Sound, Silence and Noise

The sound is simply to fluctuations in air pressure (or otherwise), usually generated by mechanical vibrations from a source that can be perceived by our ears and interpreted by our brain.

The noise is unwanted sound, and usually has a connotation of "disgusting." The concept is ambiguous, since both concepts of "unwanted" and "bad" are subjective. In the area where we are talking about computers, we can consider that all the sound they emit is not desired, so discuss either of sound or noise.

The silence is the absence of sound. This term is also somewhat ambiguous in English, since it also speaks of something is silent "if it is noisy", ie not necessary the total absence of noise for something to be silent. English are more precise terms, both translated as silent, silent and quiet: silent is the "silence" while quiet would be equivalent to "not make much noise." Talking to these terms in English ... PC could be "silent" or not, there is no middle, a PC can not do more or less "silent", it simply is or is not. However, a PC it can be more "quiet", this term provides greater flexibility. And yet, there is always the subjective problem of defining when a PC is no longer "quiet" or not. In Overall, the level of quiet PCs are used and QuietPC SilentPC concepts related to these two terms.

A SilentPC is a PC that does not make any noise. This is practically impossible, stick your ear to the computer always some noise, such as coils of power always make a little noise and small. For this reason, it tends to change the definition and implementation of a distance. It is generally held that a computer is a SilentPC if we can not listen from a distance of 1 meter. This makes the definition a bit less perfect, since there is a degree of variation in what can be heard at a distance of 1 meter, depending on each person's hearing sensitivity and background noise environment in which the computer is.

QuietPC A PC is a low noise we perceive. Unlike a SilentPC, a PC that is impossible to hear, a QuietPC is a PC that, although we hear it, does not make much noise. This concept is very subjective, since what is silent for some people, others may find it noisy.

Therefore, the basis of these definitions are not very strong ... Still commonly used in the field of PCs silent, and in colloquial terms we say that a SilentPC is a PC that can barely hear some distance (1 meter) in a quiet environment, and a QuietPC is a PC that most people do not seem very loud.

Physical and sound units

We have seen that the concepts of noise, silence, and SilentPC QuietPC are not very precise and bounded, so let's see if you can physically quantized.

As mentioned, the sound is waves of pressure. The pressure can be measured physically, and the pressure unit in the international system are the Pascal (Pa) derived from Newtons (units of force) per square meter (unit area). Using this

As you can quantize audio in pascals, but there is a problem, is that not all pressure waves are perceived by our ears. And not all ears are the same, some people can hear sounds of a certain intensity that others can not. Convention is used as a standard, and is considered the threshold at 20MPa (millipascals).

Sound is measured in a unit on these 20MPa, the dB or decibel , which also uses a logarithmic scale. A bel is 10 decibels. The mathematical expressions of the two concepts are:

decibel:

dB = 10 * log 10 (P / 20MPa)

bel:

B = log 10 (P / 20MPa)

where P is the measure of the pressure being measured.

In addition, we must consider some things. Depending on the frequency of sound there are sounds that can not be heard (very high or very low frequencies), and it is also filtering units of measurement. Depending on the isophonic curves are used to filter frequencies are defined dBA, or DBB dBC . The most widespread of these three are the dBA , also called decibels hearing.

And if it was not enough, consider different possible measures that can make the sound. If we consider the total sound generated by a particular source, in general talk about sound power (measured in dBW), but in practice it is very difficult to measure. The sound generated by this source will be distributed in space, and usually measuring devices that can be used (sound level) can be measured at a single point. This measure is a single point known as SPL (sound pressure level), and as we normally see in the data sheets from manufacturers such as dBA (actually dBA SPL).

In short, the sound can be quantized and measured in dBA SPL. But to measure the sound of something (eg a computer) we find these ambiguities:

• is not the same as taking an inch on your computer, take the step to 10 meters. Any measure SPL should specify the distance that has been measured. Still, the same distance from the computer can get different values \u200b\u200bdepending on the position in which action is taken. Standard is generally seen as taking the measure to 1m.
• For a correct measurement of noise from a computer, we should completely isolate the noise from the rest of the environment, and this is very difficult. 10dBA loss is virtually impossible even in an anechoic chamber designed for this purpose. So there will always be added noise in the measurements, and this noise will vary depending on where you have been tested.
• The SPL as a point does not contain information on the type of frequencies containing the signal being measured. It can be a very serious signal or a very sharp signal, and having both the same as SPL, it can be very annoying and the other no change.

is, the SPL as we think of it as a picture of an object from a certain point, we used to get an idea of \u200b\u200bhow it is, but does not provide us any information of that object. And manufacturers do little to improve the situation, using marketting policies that tend to take advantage of these ambiguities, completely baffling to many users who are unaware of these limitations of the measures dBA SPL. Many manufacturers offer dBA measures entirely unrealistic (7dBA are fans or the like, which are impossible), that is to say how they have obtained (perhaps by subtracting the ambient noise of your testing environment ?...).

Therefore, we conclude again, even after trying to quantize things scientifically, that the measures we can find the sound of a computer are ambiguous and depends on many factors measurement. Are useful to compare measurements in the same environment and under the same conditions, but little else. We can not read a measure of a website maker, measure and compare ourselves to our team.

words, all concepts that we discussed: noise, silence, SilentPC, QuietPC, measured in dBA, etc. concepts are ambiguous, and we must be careful when using them. There is always a subjective component definitions. And the measures are always relative, we must consider under what conditions have made the measurements. Noise

computer first thing they ask is why we want a computer without sound. In the daily use the computer without consciously realizing that continuous noise it produces. But I think we have all felt that feeling of rest and relaxation you feel when you turn off your computer and stop listening to the noise it produces. It's much more rewarding to work (or play) with a silent PC with a PC to produce a noticeable noise. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, as in computers dedicated to multimedia playback, multimedia production, etc., It is essential that we hear the background noise of the computer mixed with the sound we're playing. Focusing

already on your computer, the main sources of noise are mechanical components with parts ( hard drives, fans , optical drives, etc.), And certain electronic components without mechanical moving parts (as you can see detailed this article.)

For this reason, if we want to build a silent PC, or try to silence one we already have, we focus on those elements and find solutions. The most common general solutions we use are:

Reduce consumption of components:

This reduces the need for fans or provides that we have fans running at lower speeds and therefore quieter. This reduction in consumption we can look for when choosing components for your PC, for example by looking at consumption different graphics cards, looking at different reviews the use of microprocessors, choosing power sources more efficiently (use less , etc.). We can also reduce consumption through techniques that lower the voltage or frequency of operation of the electronic components (for example, as seen in this guide voltage and frequency settings microprocessor).

Choose a well-designed box:

get much

Help a silent PC choosing a properly designed box, with sufficient ventilation openings (and the right size for quiet fans), design of spaces for well-optimized components, panels do not vibrate easily, etc..

A good case should always be the starting point for any computer you want to ride with the goal of being silent, as it can largely determine the ultimate success. Choose

components suitable cooling elements: Choosing

copper or aluminum heat sinks with larger areas of dissipation, with the help of heat pipes or other technologies may be getting more efficient heat transfer component, and this may allow a lower required air flow for proper cooling. This obviously means less fan noise for the lower speed.

Such elements can be used in the most critical components in consumption and heat generation of the computer: the microprocessor, graphics chip graphics card, motherboard chipset, voltage regulators, reports, etc.

adequate and regular fans Choose your speed:

fans are needed to create an air flow to allow cooling of different items in the box, because normally by natural convection alone is not enough or is not recommended. These fans generate noise in multiple ways: engine noise, friction of mechanical parts, and even the noise of air friction (which may be higher or lower depending on the turbulence generated by the fan).

The first two forms of noise can be avoided only by choosing a proper fan, that is, a quiet fan of quality. The last air friction, is difficult to solve, but what can be done to reduce this noise by lowering the fan speed (thus reducing the air flow) through different techniques (voltage control, PWM, both hardware and software programs such as speedfan ).

Therefore, we choose quiet fans, and to regulate the minimum speed necessary to keep the computer well cooled. I mentioned in previous sections on low power components, computer box in the fridge and adequate dissipation elements, help greatly to make this possible.

Article Fans: Basic Concepts can find more details on the operation of computer fans.

Reduce noise of hard drives:

Hard drives are an item that, by its mechanical nature, generate noise on the computer. Discs are noisier and quieter, so the first intention should always be looking for a quiet drive. Additionally, you can soundproof with commercial solutions, or by other solutions like this using aluminum boxes coolpacks soundproofing. Even

can reduce noise in disk reads and writes using the feature AAM (Automatic Acoustic Management) providing some hard disks.

is also the option to choose an SSD (State Disk solid) that has no mechanical parts, but today are expensive and have no storage capacity provided by hard disks. But I'm sure that in the future will be a very good choice for fans SilentPC.

silent PC Web SilentPC The

This short introduction to the concepts on silent PC will serve as an aid to better understand the ideas to be developed in future articles.

still remains to speak of many individual components of the computer, such as power supplies (which we will want to be as efficient as possible and have fan thermoregulated) motherboards and chipsets, graphics, etc. All these elements go into articles that will cover adding to this site.

These articles will be added recommendations on various components of a computer (Computer Cases, CPU and GPU heatsinks, fans, power supplies, etc.) So as to obtain a silent PC. Ye shall find when they are finished in different sections devoted to articles on this website.

In the next articles will show as an example of my three PCs silent PCs today, dedicated to different purposes:

silent PC
• Example 1: Download server, with optional performance and moderate gaming PC
silent
• Example 2: HTPC dedicated to multimedia playback
silent PC
• Example 3: Computer Performance and games for